Add text until boric acid chemical
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## Aluminium powder
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## Aluminium
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**Formula**
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@ -15,9 +15,7 @@ Zalmiak
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**Description**
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Ammonium chloride is used in smoke compositions.
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When heated ammonium chloride decomposes to HCl and NH3, both gasses. These
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recombine in the air to give a smoke consisting of fine particles of ammonium
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chloride.
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When heated ammonium chloride decomposes to $HCl$ and $NH3$, both gasses. These recombine in the air to give a smoke consisting of fine particles of ammonium chloride.
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**Sources**
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@ -34,11 +32,10 @@ Ammonium chloride based smoke is irritating to the eyes and lungs as
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it contains some remaining HCl and NH3. Ammonium chloride itself is not
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poisonous and is even used in some type of candy. But as with all fine powders
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a dust mask must be worn, and since ammonium chloride is irritating to the skin
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and damaging to the eyes, gloves and goggles are important. Acording to
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and damaging to the eyes, gloves and goggles are important. According to
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Shimizu, ammonium chloride forms an exception to the rule that ammonium
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compounds should not be mixed with chlorates. Due to the lower solubility of
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potassium chlorate (compared to ammonium chlorate) no ammonium chlorate should
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form. I personally would still use these mixtures with great caution (or avoid
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potassium chlorate (compared to ammonium chlorate) no ammonium chlorate should form. Use these mixtures with great caution (or avoid
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them) since it seems inevitable that small amounts of ammonium chlorate will
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still form. The lower solubility of potassium chlorate will make it the -main-
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product in a double decomposition reaction but not the -only- product. It is
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@ -4,6 +4,10 @@
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$(NH4)2Cr2O7$
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**Pyrotechnic use**
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Reducer? TBD
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**Synonyms**
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Ammonium Pyrochromate
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@ -2,20 +2,24 @@
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**Formula**
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$C2H5OH$
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$C14H10$
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**Pyrotechnic use**
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Smoke compositions
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**Synonyms**
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Alcohol, Undenatured Alcohol, Ethyl Alcohol, Dehydrated Alcohol, Spiritus
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TBD
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**Description**
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Ethanol is used as a solvent. Red gum and shellac, two common binders both dissolve in ethanol well. Ethanol/water mixtures are also often used since the ethanol increases the 'wetness' of the water (it reduces the surface tension of the water) and reduces the solubility of common oxidisers.
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Blue or - if impure - green crystals gained by the distillation of coal tar. Anthracene is used in oxygen-negative compositions together with potassium perchlorate for black smoke production. It was excessively used in German smoke grenades during the second world war.
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**Sources**
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Chemically pure ethanol can be quite expensive due to increased tax, unless it is used for laboratory purposes. Denaturated alcohol (usually a mixture of ethanol and methanol) has been made undrinkable and therefore a lot cheaper. It can be used for pyro purposes. Some types of denaturated alcohol exist with other chemicals mixed in besides methanol to make it undrinkable and recognisable as such (colorants etc). I have no idea what these extra additives are and whether they can cause problems in compositions. I have been using 'spiritus' (a well known type of denaturated alcohol in The Netherlands) for several years without problems.
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TBD
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**Hazards**
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Ethanol is flammable and volatile. Ethanol vapour is heavier than air and spreads over the ground. Provide adequate ventilation when working with ethanol.
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TBD
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@ -2,20 +2,26 @@
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**Formula**
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$C2H5OH$
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$Sb2S3$
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**Pyrotechnic use**
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Fuel in glitter compositions, fountain compositions and flash powder.
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**Synonyms**
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Alcohol, Undenatured Alcohol, Ethyl Alcohol, Dehydrated Alcohol, Spiritus
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Stibnite, Antimonite, Antimony sulfide/sulphide, Antimony (III) sulfide/sulphide
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**Description**
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Ethanol is used as a solvent. Red gum and shellac, two common binders both dissolve in ethanol well. Ethanol/water mixtures are also often used since the ethanol increases the 'wetness' of the water (it reduces the surface tension of the water) and reduces the solubility of common oxidisers.
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Antimony trisulfide is a green powder. It is a fuel used in various white star compositions of the potassium perchlorate-base. It is sometimes used in glitter compositions, fountain compositions and [flash powder](Flash_powder.html "Flash powder"), however it is used less and less for flash powder as it is very poisonous and can usually be replaced by sulphur or completely omitted. Flash compositions containing antimony trisulfide are very sensitive to friction, shock, and static electricity.
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**Sources**
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Chemically pure ethanol can be quite expensive due to increased tax, unless it is used for laboratory purposes. Denaturated alcohol (usually a mixture of ethanol and methanol) has been made undrinkable and therefore a lot cheaper. It can be used for pyro purposes. Some types of denaturated alcohol exist with other chemicals mixed in besides methanol to make it undrinkable and recognisable as such (colorants etc). I have no idea what these extra additives are and whether they can cause problems in compositions. I have been using 'spiritus' (a well known type of denaturated alcohol in The Netherlands) for several years without problems.
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Antimony trisulfide is sometimes sold as a pigment in (art) paint stores, but it is not commonly found these days due to it's toxicity. It can be made at home by fusing a [stoichiometric](Stoichiometric.html "Stoichiometric") mixture of [antimony metal](Antimony_metal.html "Antimony metal") and [sulfur](Sulfur.html "Sulfur"). This is a _very dangerous_ operation since lethally toxic fumes will form, and it should only be performed with proper safety precautions taken.
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**Hazards**
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Ethanol is flammable and volatile. Ethanol vapour is heavier than air and spreads over the ground. Provide adequate ventilation when working with ethanol.
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Xn, Xi
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Antimony trisulfide should never be used in any mixture containing chlorates, or else spontaneous ignition may occur. Mixtures with antimony trisulfide and perchlorates are very sensitive to friction and shock, and extra caution should be exercised when handling these mixtures. These mixtures are best avoided entirely. Wear proper protective clothing, including a dust mask and gloves, when working with compositions containing antimony trisulfide as it is very poisonous, and toxic to the kindnys and liver. Toxicity: ORAL (LD50): Acute: 7000 mg/kg [Rat] IPR-MUS LD50: 209 mg/kg. Most Antimony trisulphide that has been mined will contain a small Arsenic impurity which can contribute to toxicity depending on levels. At levels above 0.5% the material is classified as hazardous for shipping by air (IATA regulations 2010).
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@ -2,20 +2,30 @@
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**Formula**
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$C2H5OH$
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$Sb$
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**Pyrotechnic use**
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Fuel, Ball-mill media alloy.
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**Synonyms**
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Alcohol, Undenatured Alcohol, Ethyl Alcohol, Dehydrated Alcohol, Spiritus
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Antimony metal powder, Stibium, Antimony black, Regulus of antimony
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**Description**
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Ethanol is used as a solvent. Red gum and shellac, two common binders both dissolve in ethanol well. Ethanol/water mixtures are also often used since the ethanol increases the 'wetness' of the water (it reduces the surface tension of the water) and reduces the solubility of common oxidisers.
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Milled antimony is a dark grey powder of 200+ mesh, but generally Sb can be bought as heavy, large size silver crystals that look and feel like pyrite. The powder is used for white fires (in lances etc.), to assure ignition (with Al) and as an important ingredient in glitter compositions although they do not necessarily employ antimony. Moreover antimony can be used to harden lead (employed e.g. for casting ball-mill media).
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**Sources**
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Chemically pure ethanol can be quite expensive due to increased tax, unless it is used for laboratory purposes. Denaturated alcohol (usually a mixture of ethanol and methanol) has been made undrinkable and therefore a lot cheaper. It can be used for pyro purposes. Some types of denaturated alcohol exist with other chemicals mixed in besides methanol to make it undrinkable and recognisable as such (colorants etc). I have no idea what these extra additives are and whether they can cause problems in compositions. I have been using 'spiritus' (a well known type of denaturated alcohol in The Netherlands) for several years without problems.
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TBD
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**Hazards**
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Ethanol is flammable and volatile. Ethanol vapour is heavier than air and spreads over the ground. Provide adequate ventilation when working with ethanol.
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T, N, Xn, Xi
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Antimony in powdered form is harmful. Do not ingest. Prevent inhaling and contact with eyes and skin. Use proper safety equipments such as latex gloves, goggles and a dust mask or respirator. Toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment. Do not dispose of in the environment.
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[http://www.firebird.bc.ca/documents/MSDS/MSDSAntimony.pdf](www.firebird.bc.ca/documents/MSDS/MSDSAntimony.pdf "www.firebird.bc.ca/documents/MSDS/MSDSAntimony.pdf")
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[http://www.espimetals.com/msds's/antimony.pdf](www.espimetals.com/msds%27s/antimony.html "www.espimetals.com/msds's/antimony.pdf")
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@ -2,20 +2,24 @@
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**Formula**
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$C2H5OH$
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$C6H8O6$
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**Pyrotechnic use**
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Fuel for the composition Golden Powder, a black powder subsitute.
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**Synonyms**
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Alcohol, Undenatured Alcohol, Ethyl Alcohol, Dehydrated Alcohol, Spiritus
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Vitamin C
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**Description**
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Ethanol is used as a solvent. Red gum and shellac, two common binders both dissolve in ethanol well. Ethanol/water mixtures are also often used since the ethanol increases the 'wetness' of the water (it reduces the surface tension of the water) and reduces the solubility of common oxidisers.
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Ascorbic acid is an organic acid. Its appearance is white to light yellow crystals or powder. It is water soluble. In pyrotechnics it is primarily used as a fuel for the composition [Golden Powder](Golden_Powder.html "Golden Powder"), a black powder substitute.
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**Sources**
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Chemically pure ethanol can be quite expensive due to increased tax, unless it is used for laboratory purposes. Denaturated alcohol (usually a mixture of ethanol and methanol) has been made undrinkable and therefore a lot cheaper. It can be used for pyro purposes. Some types of denaturated alcohol exist with other chemicals mixed in besides methanol to make it undrinkable and recognisable as such (colorants etc). I have no idea what these extra additives are and whether they can cause problems in compositions. I have been using 'spiritus' (a well known type of denaturated alcohol in The Netherlands) for several years without problems.
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TBD
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**Hazards**
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Ethanol is flammable and volatile. Ethanol vapour is heavier than air and spreads over the ground. Provide adequate ventilation when working with ethanol.
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None, as it can be used as a food supplement.
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@ -2,20 +2,22 @@
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**Formula**
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$C2H5OH$
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$BaCO3$
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**Synonyms**
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Alcohol, Undenatured Alcohol, Ethyl Alcohol, Dehydrated Alcohol, Spiritus
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Barium mono-carbonate, Carbonic acid barium salt
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**Description**
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Ethanol is used as a solvent. Red gum and shellac, two common binders both dissolve in ethanol well. Ethanol/water mixtures are also often used since the ethanol increases the 'wetness' of the water (it reduces the surface tension of the water) and reduces the solubility of common oxidisers.
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Barium carbonate is used both in white and green color compositions. When chlorine donors are present in a composition a green color will result from the formation of BaCl+ in the flame. Without chlorine donors BaO will be formed which emits white light. Barium carbonate is convenient to use in chlorate based color compositions since it will neutralise residual acid which reduces the risk of spontaneous ignition.
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**Sources**
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Chemically pure ethanol can be quite expensive due to increased tax, unless it is used for laboratory purposes. Denaturated alcohol (usually a mixture of ethanol and methanol) has been made undrinkable and therefore a lot cheaper. It can be used for pyro purposes. Some types of denaturated alcohol exist with other chemicals mixed in besides methanol to make it undrinkable and recognisable as such (colorants etc). I have no idea what these extra additives are and whether they can cause problems in compositions. I have been using 'spiritus' (a well known type of denaturated alcohol in The Netherlands) for several years without problems.
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Barium carbonate is cheaply available in kilogram quantities from ceramic supply shops. However, this material is often contaminated with small amounts of barium sulfide that are left over from the production process. Therefore, ceramics grade barium carbonate should never be used in mixtures incompatible with sulphides such as chlorate based mixtures. Barium carbonate is not easily made at home.
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**Hazards**
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Ethanol is flammable and volatile. Ethanol vapour is heavier than air and spreads over the ground. Provide adequate ventilation when working with ethanol.
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Xn, Xi
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Most barium compounds are very poisonous, especially the more soluble barium compounds such as the chlorate and nitrate. A dust mask should be worn at all times when working with barium carbonate. Unlike its soluble cousins which can be easily washed from the hands with lots of water the carbonate is not so easily removed and care to remove the powder from under finger nails is important before eating etc. Barium carbonate is soluble in stomach acid, and therefore a poison by ingestion.
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@ -2,20 +2,22 @@
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**Formula**
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$C2H5OH$
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$BaClO3$
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**Synonyms**
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Alcohol, Undenatured Alcohol, Ethyl Alcohol, Dehydrated Alcohol, Spiritus
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TBD
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**Description**
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Ethanol is used as a solvent. Red gum and shellac, two common binders both dissolve in ethanol well. Ethanol/water mixtures are also often used since the ethanol increases the 'wetness' of the water (it reduces the surface tension of the water) and reduces the solubility of common oxidisers.
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Barium chlorate is used as an oxidiser in green color compositions and can produce intense greens. Fierce burning and high color purity compositions can be made with it.
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**Sources**
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Chemically pure ethanol can be quite expensive due to increased tax, unless it is used for laboratory purposes. Denaturated alcohol (usually a mixture of ethanol and methanol) has been made undrinkable and therefore a lot cheaper. It can be used for pyro purposes. Some types of denaturated alcohol exist with other chemicals mixed in besides methanol to make it undrinkable and recognisable as such (colorants etc). I have no idea what these extra additives are and whether they can cause problems in compositions. I have been using 'spiritus' (a well known type of denaturated alcohol in The Netherlands) for several years without problems.
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Barium chlorate is usually purchased from chemical suppliers or from dedicated pyro suppliers. It can be made at home from sodium chlorate and barium chloride by double decomposition however purifying the product by recrystallising can be a lot of work because all traces of the sodium must be removed so as to not interfere with pure green colors. Barium chlorate can also be prepared from barium chloride by electrolysis in a process analogous to that used for preparing sodium chlorate.
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**Hazards**
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Ethanol is flammable and volatile. Ethanol vapour is heavier than air and spreads over the ground. Provide adequate ventilation when working with ethanol.
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Xi, O
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Barium chlorate is poisonous and a dust mask should be worn at all times when handling it. Barium chlorate should never be mixed with sulfur or sulfides or allowed to come in contact with mixtures containing sulfur or sulfides since this could result in spontaneous ignition. Sulfur reacts with water and air to form small amounts of sulfuric acid. Sulfuric acid and chlorates react producing ClO2, an explosive gas that will ignite many organic materials on contact. Mixtures made with barium chlorate are often especially sensitive to friction and shock (even more so than potassium chlorate based mixtures) and should be handled with extra care.
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## Barium nitrate
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**Formula**
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$Ba(NO3)2$
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**Pyrotechnics use**
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Oxidizer
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**Synonyms**
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TBD
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**Description**
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Barium nitrate is used as an oxidizer in both white and green color compositions. When chlorine donors are present in a composition a green color will result from the formation of BaCl+ in the flame. Without chlorine donors BaO will be formed which emits bright white light. Barium nitrate is seldom used as the sole oxidizer in green color compositions. It is usually combined with perchlorate's to improve the color and increase the burning rate.
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**Sources**
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Barium nitrate may be prepared from nitric acid or ammonium nitrate and barium carbonate, which is available from ceramic supply stores. It can also be made from sodium nitrate and barium chloride by double decomposition and recrystallizing for purity. It should be done outside with an electric hotplate and stainless steel ware. Garden hose at the ready and nothing left outside for the kids to handle. Wash any spills into the ground with the hose until below the surface. Spread some ammonium sulphate fertilizer over and water some more. This will convert soluble barium salts to insoluble barium sulphate, which is harmless. Neutralize all waste solution with enough ammonium sulphate until white clouds of powder is no longer seen in the clear liquid then it is safe to dump onto ground.
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**Hazards**
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T, O, Xn, Xi
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Barium nitrate is poisonous. May be fatal if swallowed! A dust mask should be worn at all times when handling it. Mixtures of metal powders and barium nitrate sometimes heat up spontaneously and may ignite, especially when moist. This can usually be prevented by the addition of small amounts of boric acid (1 to 2%). It is advisable to avoid using water to bind such compositions. Red gum or shellac with alcohol or nitrocellulose lacquer are preferred binder and solvents (also see aluminium).
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Causes irritation to the respiratory tract. Symptoms may include coughing, shortness of breath. Systemic poisoning may occur with symptoms similar to those of ingestion. If ingested it may cause tightness of the muscles of the face and neck, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, muscular tremors, anxiety, weakness, labored breathing, cardiac irregularity, convulsions, and death from cardiac and respiratory failure. Estimated lethal dose lies between 1 to 15 grams. Death may occur within hours or up to a few days. May cause kidney damage. Causes irritation to skin. Symptoms include redness, itching, and pain. If it comes into contact with eyes it causes irritation, redness, and pain.
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**Formula**
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$C2H5OH$
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$BaSO4$
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**Pyrotechnic use**
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High temperature oxidizer.
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**Synonyms**
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Alcohol, Undenatured Alcohol, Ethyl Alcohol, Dehydrated Alcohol, Spiritus
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TBD
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**Description**
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Ethanol is used as a solvent. Red gum and shellac, two common binders both dissolve in ethanol well. Ethanol/water mixtures are also often used since the ethanol increases the 'wetness' of the water (it reduces the surface tension of the water) and reduces the solubility of common oxidisers.
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Barium sulfate is used as a high temperature oxidizer in some green and white compositions, as well as being the oxidiser in the flash phase of some strobe compositions. It is also used as an additive in many firefly star compositions. Barium nitrate is more common in green pyrotechnic formulas, as it is a more amiable oxidizer and produces a superior colour.
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**Sources**
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Chemically pure ethanol can be quite expensive due to increased tax, unless it is used for laboratory purposes. Denaturated alcohol (usually a mixture of ethanol and methanol) has been made undrinkable and therefore a lot cheaper. It can be used for pyro purposes. Some types of denaturated alcohol exist with other chemicals mixed in besides methanol to make it undrinkable and recognisable as such (colorants etc). I have no idea what these extra additives are and whether they can cause problems in compositions. I have been using 'spiritus' (a well known type of denaturated alcohol in The Netherlands) for several years without problems.
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Barium sulfate may be precipitated from a solution of a soluble barium salt, such as barium nitrate or chloride, and a sulfate. Magnesium sulfate and Potassium sulfate are both cheaply available as fertilizer and are convenient to use. Magnesium sulfate can be found at pharmacies and grocery stores under its common name as Epsom salt. The precipitated barium sulfate is a very fine powder which may be rinsed by repeated washings with hot water, settling and decanting. A final washing in the filter with acetone or ethanol will allow it to dry quickly, but is not a necessary step. Do not use sulfuric acid to precipitate barium sulfate as this may result in the inclusion of acid droplets in the precipitated particles which can lead to spontaneous ignition in chlorate compositions. There is some debate active regarding the safety of using sulfates in combination with chlorates regardless off acid contamination.
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**Hazards**
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Ethanol is flammable and volatile. Ethanol vapour is heavier than air and spreads over the ground. Provide adequate ventilation when working with ethanol.
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Xi
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Unlike many other barium compounds, barium sulfate is not very poisonous due to its low solubility in water. Indeed it is ingested in significant quantity regularly as a part of some medical procedures.
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**Formula**
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$C2H5OH$
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$(Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2Si4O10(OH)2·(H2O)n$
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**Synonyms**
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Alcohol, Undenatured Alcohol, Ethyl Alcohol, Dehydrated Alcohol, Spiritus
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Bentonite Clay, Gumbrin, Akajo, Aquagel (gold), Asama, Askangel, Baroco, Yellow stone, Western bond, Natural gel, and many others...
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**Description**
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Ethanol is used as a solvent. Red gum and shellac, two common binders both dissolve in ethanol well. Ethanol/water mixtures are also often used since the ethanol increases the 'wetness' of the water (it reduces the surface tension of the water) and reduces the solubility of common oxidisers.
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Bentonite is a white solid, mostly in dust or pellet form. It is generally used for nozzles, since it doesn't disintegrate quickly like cardboard or other products. Bentonite clay is a very important in making fireworks.
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**Sources**
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Chemically pure ethanol can be quite expensive due to increased tax, unless it is used for laboratory purposes. Denaturated alcohol (usually a mixture of ethanol and methanol) has been made undrinkable and therefore a lot cheaper. It can be used for pyro purposes. Some types of denaturated alcohol exist with other chemicals mixed in besides methanol to make it undrinkable and recognisable as such (colorants etc). I have no idea what these extra additives are and whether they can cause problems in compositions. I have been using 'spiritus' (a well known type of denaturated alcohol in The Netherlands) for several years without problems.
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Bentonite is easy to obtain. Pottery stores sells it, but a cheaper alternative is "Clumping Kitty Litter," which is often Bentonite clay, and can be found in most supermarkets. One of the best brands to use is "Fresh Step," which (unlike many other types of clumping kitty litters) does not erode or crumble easily. In Australia ,rural store , Unimin "activegel" 20k bag used to seal leaking dam.
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**Hazards**
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Ethanol is flammable and volatile. Ethanol vapour is heavier than air and spreads over the ground. Provide adequate ventilation when working with ethanol.
|
||||
|
||||
Xi
|
||||
|
||||
Bentonite, in dust form, is suspected to be carcinogenic. Wear a dust mask or respirator when working with bentonite.
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -2,20 +2,22 @@
|
|||
|
||||
**Formula**
|
||||
|
||||
$C2H5OH$
|
||||
$(BiO)2CO3$
|
||||
|
||||
**Synonyms**
|
||||
|
||||
Alcohol, Undenatured Alcohol, Ethyl Alcohol, Dehydrated Alcohol, Spiritus
|
||||
Bismuth oxycarbonate, Basic bismuth carbonate
|
||||
|
||||
**Description**
|
||||
|
||||
Ethanol is used as a solvent. Red gum and shellac, two common binders both dissolve in ethanol well. Ethanol/water mixtures are also often used since the ethanol increases the 'wetness' of the water (it reduces the surface tension of the water) and reduces the solubility of common oxidisers.
|
||||
Bismuth subcarbonate is a fine white to yellow-white powder used mainly in Crackling microstars (Dragon eggs) as a substitution for Poisonous Lead tetraoxide and expensive Bismuth trioxide
|
||||
|
||||
**Sources**
|
||||
|
||||
Chemically pure ethanol can be quite expensive due to increased tax, unless it is used for laboratory purposes. Denaturated alcohol (usually a mixture of ethanol and methanol) has been made undrinkable and therefore a lot cheaper. It can be used for pyro purposes. Some types of denaturated alcohol exist with other chemicals mixed in besides methanol to make it undrinkable and recognisable as such (colorants etc). I have no idea what these extra additives are and whether they can cause problems in compositions. I have been using 'spiritus' (a well known type of denaturated alcohol in The Netherlands) for several years without problems.
|
||||
Bismuth subcarbonate can be purchased from Pyrotechnic suppliers.
|
||||
|
||||
**Hazards**
|
||||
|
||||
Ethanol is flammable and volatile. Ethanol vapour is heavier than air and spreads over the ground. Provide adequate ventilation when working with ethanol.
|
||||
|
||||
Xi
|
||||
|
||||
Bismuth subcarbonate is not particularly hazardous. However it is a skin, eye and respiratory system irritant. Wear gloves, dust mask, protection glasses, and do not ingest. Large ingested amounts can cause systemic bismuth poisoning with symptoms of headache, skin rashes, kidney damage, and rarely mild jaundice.
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -2,20 +2,22 @@
|
|||
|
||||
**Formula**
|
||||
|
||||
$C2H5OH$
|
||||
$Bi2O3$
|
||||
|
||||
**Synonyms**
|
||||
|
||||
Alcohol, Undenatured Alcohol, Ethyl Alcohol, Dehydrated Alcohol, Spiritus
|
||||
Bismuth(III)oxide
|
||||
|
||||
**Description**
|
||||
|
||||
Ethanol is used as a solvent. Red gum and shellac, two common binders both dissolve in ethanol well. Ethanol/water mixtures are also often used since the ethanol increases the 'wetness' of the water (it reduces the surface tension of the water) and reduces the solubility of common oxidisers.
|
||||
It is used in crackling stars (Dragon's eggs) as a non-toxic substitute for toxic lead compounds. For this purpose it is mixed with magnalium and copper oxide.
|
||||
|
||||
**Sources**
|
||||
|
||||
Chemically pure ethanol can be quite expensive due to increased tax, unless it is used for laboratory purposes. Denaturated alcohol (usually a mixture of ethanol and methanol) has been made undrinkable and therefore a lot cheaper. It can be used for pyro purposes. Some types of denaturated alcohol exist with other chemicals mixed in besides methanol to make it undrinkable and recognisable as such (colorants etc). I have no idea what these extra additives are and whether they can cause problems in compositions. I have been using 'spiritus' (a well known type of denaturated alcohol in The Netherlands) for several years without problems.
|
||||
Bismuth yellow can be found at various Pyro supplies. The major defect is the comparatively high price of bismuth.
|
||||
|
||||
**Hazards**
|
||||
|
||||
Ethanol is flammable and volatile. Ethanol vapour is heavier than air and spreads over the ground. Provide adequate ventilation when working with ethanol.
|
||||
Xi
|
||||
|
||||
Harmful by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. Wear suitable protective clothing when working with Bismuth yellow, such as dust mask and latex gloves.
|
||||
|
|
@ -2,20 +2,22 @@
|
|||
|
||||
**Formula**
|
||||
|
||||
$C2H5OH$
|
||||
$H3BO3$
|
||||
|
||||
**Synonyms**
|
||||
|
||||
Alcohol, Undenatured Alcohol, Ethyl Alcohol, Dehydrated Alcohol, Spiritus
|
||||
TBD
|
||||
|
||||
**Description**
|
||||
|
||||
Ethanol is used as a solvent. Red gum and shellac, two common binders both dissolve in ethanol well. Ethanol/water mixtures are also often used since the ethanol increases the 'wetness' of the water (it reduces the surface tension of the water) and reduces the solubility of common oxidisers.
|
||||
Boric acid is a white powder which is used as an additive to compositions containing aluminium and a nitrate. The metal powder can reduce the nitrate to an amide, which will react with the metal powder in a very exothermic reaction that can lead to spontaneous ignition of the composition. This process is often accompanied by a smell of ammonia and is most likely to occur with wet compositions. Addition of a few percent boric acid can often prevent this reaction from taking place since it neutralizes the very basic amides forming ammonia and a borate. It is also advisable to avoid using a water-soluble binder for these compositions. Using red gum or shellac with alcohol or nitrocellulose lacquer is safer. Boric acid is hygroscopic. The use of boric acid with magnesium or magnalium is not advised, as it actively attacks and corrodes these metals.
|
||||
|
||||
**Sources**
|
||||
|
||||
Chemically pure ethanol can be quite expensive due to increased tax, unless it is used for laboratory purposes. Denaturated alcohol (usually a mixture of ethanol and methanol) has been made undrinkable and therefore a lot cheaper. It can be used for pyro purposes. Some types of denaturated alcohol exist with other chemicals mixed in besides methanol to make it undrinkable and recognisable as such (colorants etc). I have no idea what these extra additives are and whether they can cause problems in compositions. I have been using 'spiritus' (a well known type of denaturated alcohol in The Netherlands) for several years without problems.
|
||||
Boric acid is cheaply and in kilogram quantities available from ceramic supply shops. It is also sold in many drug stores at a somewhat higher price, but since only small quantities are needed the price is not really important. It is also sold in Homecenters as an effective insecticide for roachs (it may list the contents as orthoboric acid). 99% pure boric acid is available as "Roach away" in walmart.
|
||||
|
||||
**Hazards**
|
||||
|
||||
Ethanol is flammable and volatile. Ethanol vapour is heavier than air and spreads over the ground. Provide adequate ventilation when working with ethanol.
|
||||
C
|
||||
|
||||
Boric acid is really poisonous, and should be cleaned up very well after using.
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
|
|||
## Tetrahydrofuran (THF)
|
||||
|
||||
**Formula**
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Pyrotechnics use**
|
||||
|
||||
Solvent?
|
||||
|
||||
**Synonyms**
|
||||
|
||||
THF
|
||||
|
||||
**Description**
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Sources**
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Hazards**
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
|
|||
## Titanium
|
||||
|
||||
**Formula**
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Pyrotechnics use**
|
||||
|
||||
Metal fuel
|
||||
|
||||
**Synonyms**
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Description**
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Sources**
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Hazards**
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
|
|||
## Ultramarine
|
||||
|
||||
**Formula**
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Pyrotechnics use**
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Synonyms**
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Description**
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Sources**
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Hazards**
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
|
|||
## Water
|
||||
|
||||
**Formula**
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Pyrotechnics use**
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Synonyms**
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Description**
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Sources**
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Hazards**
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
|
|||
## Wood Meal
|
||||
**Formula**
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Pyrotechnics use**
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Synonyms**
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Description**
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Sources**
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Hazards**
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
|
|||
## Xanthan Gum
|
||||
|
||||
**Formula**
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Pyrotechnics use**
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Synonyms**
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Description**
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Sources**
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Hazards**
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
|
|||
## Xylene
|
||||
|
||||
**Formula**
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Pyrotechnics use**
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Synonyms**
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Description**
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Sources**
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Hazards**
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
|
|||
## Xylol
|
||||
|
||||
**Formula**
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Pyrotechnics use**
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Synonyms**
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Description**
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Sources**
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Hazards**
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
|
|||
## Zinc Oxide
|
||||
|
||||
**Formula**
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Pyrotechnics use**
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Synonyms**
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Description**
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Sources**
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Hazards**
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
|
|||
## Zinc
|
||||
|
||||
**Formula**
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Pyrotechnics use**
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Synonyms**
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Description**
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Sources**
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Hazards**
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -160,43 +160,4 @@ xylene
|
|||
xylol
|
||||
z
|
||||
zinc
|
||||
zinc oxide
|
||||
category discussion edit history
|
||||
log in / create account
|
||||
navigation
|
||||
main page
|
||||
articles
|
||||
binders
|
||||
chemicals
|
||||
compositions
|
||||
definitions
|
||||
effects
|
||||
materials
|
||||
techniques
|
||||
tools
|
||||
tutorials
|
||||
shell tutorials
|
||||
charts and tables
|
||||
requested articles
|
||||
random page
|
||||
pyro links
|
||||
article sandbox
|
||||
help
|
||||
d o n a t e
|
||||
pyroguide forum
|
||||
pyro guide forum
|
||||
search
|
||||
|
||||
toolbox
|
||||
what links here
|
||||
related changes
|
||||
upload file
|
||||
special pages
|
||||
printable version
|
||||
permanent link
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
pyroguide visitors
|
||||
48 users online
|
||||
powered by mediawiki
|
||||
this page was last modified 20:52, 3 may 2012. this page has been accessed 220,942 times. privacy policy about pyroguide disclaimers
|
||||
zinc oxide
|
||||
|
|
@ -103,6 +103,7 @@ $endif$
|
|||
\usepackage[$if(fontenc)$$fontenc$$else$T1$endif$]{fontenc}
|
||||
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
|
||||
\usepackage{textcomp} % provide euro and other symbols
|
||||
\usepackage{tgheros} % See https://www.overleaf.com/learn/latex/Font_typefaces
|
||||
\else % if luatex or xetex
|
||||
$if(mathspec)$
|
||||
\ifxetex
|
||||
|
|
@ -226,7 +227,7 @@ $if(colorlinks)$
|
|||
$else$
|
||||
hidelinks,
|
||||
$endif$
|
||||
pdfcreator={LaTeX via pandoc}}
|
||||
pdfcreator={XeLaTeX via pandoc}}
|
||||
\urlstyle{same} % disable monospaced font for URLs
|
||||
$if(verbatim-in-note)$
|
||||
\VerbatimFootnotes % allow verbatim text in footnotes
|
||||
|
|
@ -420,7 +421,7 @@ $else$
|
|||
\ohead*{$if(header-right)$$header-right$$else$$date$$endif$}
|
||||
\ifoot*{$if(footer-left)$$footer-left$$else$$endif$}
|
||||
\cfoot*{$if(footer-center)$$footer-center$$else$$endif$}
|
||||
\ofoot*{$if(footer-right)$$footer-right$$else$\thepage$endif$}
|
||||
\ofoot*{$if(footer-right)$$footer-right$$else$Page \thepage$endif$}
|
||||
\addtokomafont{pageheadfoot}{\upshape}
|
||||
}
|
||||
\pagestyle{eisvogel-header-footer}
|
||||
|
|
@ -445,7 +446,13 @@ $endif$
|
|||
$endif$
|
||||
$endif$
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
%$if(toc)$
|
||||
\usepackage{etoc}
|
||||
%\renewcommand\cfttabindent{0pt}% <-
|
||||
%\renewcommand\cfttabnumwidth{5em}
|
||||
%\renewcommand\cfttabpresnum{\tablename\ }
|
||||
%\renewcommand\cfttabaftersnum{:}
|
||||
%$endif$
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{document}
|
||||
$if(has-frontmatter)$
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue